Hydrothermal Carbonization of Sewage Sludge: Analysis of Process Severity and Solid Content

Hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge was carried out with the aim to evaluate the influence of process severity and initial solid content. Response surface methodology was applied to model yield and C yield responses. Enhanced dewaterability performance was recorded under mild processing conditions. The treatment promoted concentration and immobilization of Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, and Cu. Variation of the solid content showed a stronger influence than severity on average yield and C yield. Higher heating values (HHVs) and energy retention efficiencies (EREs) of hydrochars obtained at the lowest solid content displayed the lowest values. Hence, the energy requirements of a first dewatering step should be compared with the related improvement in terms of HHV and ERE when sludge is used as feedstock.     

响应曲面法优化电催化降解染料废水工艺的研究

采用中心复合设计的响应曲面法预测电催化降解染料废水的最优条件。具体以Ti/SnO₂-Sb 电极作为阳极，应用响应曲面法研究了pH、施加电压值、电极间距对亚甲基蓝溶液脱色效率的影响。研究结果表明模型拟合精度R²=0.9942，初始pH、施加电压值、电极间距及交互作用对脱色率响应值影响大。模型预测最佳反应条件pH为 6.98，施加电压6.0 V，电极间距为1.01 cm时，脱色效率预测值达到98.68%。采用实验进一步验证该模型，预测最佳条件下三次实验脱色率平均值98.47%。该方法可用于优化电催化降解染料废水的工艺参数，为实际废水处理提供优化方案。     

Production and optimization of high grade cellulase from waste date seeds by Cellulomonas uda NCIM 2353 for biohydrogen production

Production of high grade cellulolytic enzymes from waste agricultural biomass would valorise these wastes to valuable products as well as avoid the pollution problems associated with landfilling of the biomass. In the present study, waste date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) seeds were valorised for cellulase production from Cellulomonas uda NCIM 2353 and for its subsequent usage in biohydrogen production. Optimization of key operational parameters such as date seed concentration, xylose, casein and initial media pH were performed using central composite design to obtain the maximum enzyme yield. The optimum values obtained were (g/L): date seed concentration 30.65, xylose concentration 0.55, casein 7.00 and pH 7.40 for a determination coefficient of 0.999. The results demonstrated a higher prediction accuracy of response surface methodology as the cellulase activity increased six fold (175.96 IU/mL) after optimization. The optimum pH and temperature of purified cellulase was 7 and 50 °C respectively where the enzyme retained nearly 80% of activity upto 180 min. Enzymatic hydrolysis studies showed that a high saccharification efficiency of 60.5% was obtained for acid pretreated sugarcane bagasse by the indigenous cellulase, equivalent to the performance of commercial cellulase. Further, the as-obtained reducing sugars were decomposed by Clostridium thermocellum to produce biohydrogen of maximum concentration 187.44 mmol/L at end of 24 h of fermentation. Results show that date seed substrate based cellulase protein can be employed for industrial processes of biohydrogen production.     

在线SDN控制器性能监控器设计与研究

随着网络规模和网络数据流量的变大,软件定义网络控制器性能问题可能成为网络瓶颈,为了在动态负载情况下仍然可以获取控制器准确的性能状态,设计了一个在线的性能监控器框架,并定义了控制器时延性能衡量指标Lpdex.在一款广泛使用的FloodLight控制器中实现了性能监控器的简单原型,经过实验评估,验证了控制器性能监控器的可行性和Lpdex可在线准确地反映控制器在不同负载情况下时延性能的变化.     

双对苯醌的抗氧化活性分析及其固体发酵条件优化

为探索生物活性未知的双对苯醌（2,7-dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-9H-xanthene-1,4,5,8-tetraone，DTXT）的抗氧化活性，并提高其发酵产量，考察DTXT的还原力以及对超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl，DPPH）自由基的清除效果，在单因素试验基础上，采用响应面法优化了DTXT产生菌瓶生顶孢霉（Acremonium cavaraeanum）CA022菌株的固体发酵培养基。结果表明：在200 μg/mL质量浓度下，DTXT的还原力与芦丁差异不显著，高于VE和2,6-二叔丁基-4甲基苯酚，对超氧阴离子自由基清除率达到67.00%，对羟自由基清除率达到78.83%，对DPPH自由基清除率达到76.53%。通过响应面试验，得到最佳培养基配方为葡萄糖0.773%、硝酸钠0.185%、H3BO3 0.032%、VB1 100 μg/100 g，在此条件下实际获得的DTXT产量为4 150.8 mg/kg，是优化前产量的（2 864.83 mg/kg）1.45 倍。     

Performance optimization of microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) for palm oil mill effluent (POME) wastewater treatment and sustainable Bio-H2 production using response surface methodology (RSM)

Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) are a new bio-electrochemical method for converting organic matter to hydrogen gas (H₂). Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is hazardous wastewater that is mostly formed during the crude oil extraction process in the palm oil industry. In the present study, POME was used in the MEC system for hydrogen generation as a feasible treatment technology. To enhance biohydrogen generation from POME in the MEC, an empirical model was generated using response surface methodology (RSM). A central composite design (CCD) was utilized to perform twenty experimental runs of MEC given three important variables, namely incubation temperature, initial pH, and influent dilution rate. Experimental results from CCD showed that an average value of 1.16 m³ H₂/m³ d for maximum hydrogen production rate (HPR) was produced. A second-order polynomial model was adjusted to the experimental results from CCD. The regression model showed that the quadratic term of all variables tested had a highly significant effect (P < 0.01) on maximum HPR as a defined response. The analysis of the empirical model revealed that the optimal conditions for maximum HPR were incubation temperature, initial pH, and influent dilution rate of 30.23 ^°C, 6.63, and 50.71%, respectively. Generated regression model predicted a maximum HPR of 1.1659 m³ H₂/m³ d could be generated under optimum conditions. Confirmation experimentation was conducted in the optimal conditions determined. Experimental results of the validation test showed that a maximum HPR of 1.1747 m³ H₂/m³ d was produced.     

大数据时代计算机软件技术的应用

随着时代的发展,信息技术在各个领域均得到广泛运用,计算机软件技术也越发凸显出其重要性。大数据时代为人们的生活带来了便利,使日常工作变得更加高效。文章从大数据时代下计算机软件技术的内涵着手,提出了计算机软件处理数据的技术手段及应用方向,对计算机软件的相关应用展开论述。     

响应面法优化制备LDHs-CRMA复合改性沥青及其表征

采用熔融共混法，以克拉玛依90^#沥青为原料，Mg-Al水滑石(LDHs)与废橡胶粉(CR)作为改性剂，制备了具有抗紫外老化性能的水滑石/废胶粉复合改性沥青(LDHs/CRMA)，并对其软化点、针入度指数(PI)、延度进行了测试。通过Hassan数学方法将三个指标“归一化”得到总评“归一值”，采用响应面分析法建立总评“归一值”与各因素之间的Box-Behnken数学模型，得到了LDHs/CRMA的最优制备工艺条件为：剪切温度173℃、剪切时间89 min、剪切速率3500 r/min。通过紫外老化模拟实验对复合改性沥青的抗老化性能进行了评价，结果表明，引入水滑石可以减少沥青老化过程中含氧官能团的产生，抗紫外老化性能得到了明显提高。     

Dry reforming of methane over Ni/dendritic fibrous SBA-15 (Ni/DFSBA-15): Optimization,mechanism, and regeneration studies

Dendritic fibrous type SBA-15 (DFSBA-15) was recently discovered with its outstanding catalytic performance and coke resistance as compared to the conventional SBA-15. The operating conditions for dry reforming of methane (DRM) over 10Ni/DFSAB-15 were optimized by using response surface methodology (RSM), followed by stability and regeneration study. Characterization results (TEM and FESEM) confirmed the homogenous distribution of NiO particles with no morphological change in spherical DFSBA-15 upon Ni addition. Process parameters, such as reaction temperature (X₁, 700 °C–900 °C), gas hourly space velocity (X₂, 15,000 mL/g.h ‒ 35,000 mL/g.h), and CH₄/CO₂ ratio (X₃, 1–3) were studied over CO₂ conversion (Y₁), CH₄ conversion (Y₂), and H₂/CO ratio (Y₃). The optimal reaction conditions were found at X₁ = 794.37 °C, X₂ = 23,815.022 mL/g.h, and X₃ = 1.199, with Y₁ = 95.67%, Y₂ = 93.48%, and Y₃ = 0.983. The in-situ FTIR studies of adsorbed CH₄, CO₂, and CH₄ + CO₂ confirmed the formation of unidentate carbonate, bidentate carbonate, and linear carbonyl species as intermediate species. 10Ni/DFSBA-15 presented good reproducibility by using both regeneration medium (air and CO₂/N₂) with two-fold regeneration by air as compared to CO₂/N₂. It was proven that the synthesized 10Ni/DFSBA-15 was appreciably stable and prone to be regenerated by air for DRM under optimal conditions.     

基于PLC的胶带输送机保护系统研究

为了解决煤矿胶带输送机胶带在运行过程中出现的纵向撕裂的问题,采用PLC控制系统,研究了胶带输送机保护系统,分析了PLC系统特点,对系统的硬件部分的技术参数和设计要求进行了设计,对监测系统PLC进行了选型,采用S7-200 CPU226CN控制器,分析了语言报警系统,然后对PLC控制系统软件进行了设计。研究对促进我国胶带输送机保护技术的发展具有重要的意义。